| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Battle of Zappolino ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Battle of Zappolino
The Battle of Zappolino (also known as the War of the Oaken Bucket) was fought in November 1325 between forces representing the Italian towns of Bologna and Modena, an incident in the series of raids and reprisals between the two cities that were part of the larger conflicts of Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Modenese were victorious.〔Vittorio Lenzi, ''La battaglia di Zappolino e La secchia rapita'' 1995.〕 Though many clashes between Guelphs and Ghibellines loomed larger to contemporaries than to historians, in this unusually large encounter between 4000 estimated cavalry and some 35,000 foot soldiers, 2000 men lost their lives. The location of the battle, at the foot of a hill just outside the castle walls, is today a ''frazione'' of the municipality of Castello di Serravalle, Emilia-Romagna.
==Setting==
Though their boundaries had been set by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, in person, a century before, competitive friction along their mutual marches between Ghibelline Modena, with the Emperor as patron, and Guelf Bologna, with the Pope as patron, had flared over decades. In 1296 the Bolognese successfully invaded the Modenese lands of Bazzano and Savigno, with the support of Pope Boniface VIII, who recognized in 1298 the Guelf possession of these border castles. Within the two cities the situation was complicated by numbers of exiles and divided loyalties. In Modena the struggle for power after the death of Obizzo II d'Este, which divided his sons' friends into hostile camps, was resolved in favour of Azzo VIII, who confronted Bologna in part to bolster his lukewarm reception by his own city's nobles. His elected successor, the Mantuan Passerino Bonacolsi, the agent of Louis of Bavaria, King of the Romans,〔Called "creatura di Ludovico il Bávaro" by Salvatore Muzzi, ''Compendio della storia di Bologna'', 1875: ch. xxiv:104.〕 pursued the embittered war politics, with Parma, Reggio and Modena also under his power. For his part John XXIII declared him a rebel against the Church, granting indulgences as befit a Crusader to any who could harm his person or his possessions.〔''Messer Passerino Signor di Modena ribelle di Santa Chiesa, fosse lecito a ciascuna persona di poter danneggiarlo nell'avere e nella persona, dando a chiunque certa perdonanza,come se andassero oltra mare a ricuperare il Sepulcro'' (''Scriptores Rerum Italicum'' vol. XVIII, column 338, quoted in Angelo Namias, ''Storia di Modena e dei paesi circostanti'' 1894, book v, c. XIX:220)〕
In the months before the battle, border clashes intensified. In July, the Bolognese entered Modenese territory and laid waste the fields in the section "between the canals", by fire and sword; in August a Bolognese rabble headed by their podestà spent two weeks ravaging the lands of Modena.〔Matteo Griffoni, "Conflictus Zapolini", in ''Memoriale historicum de rebus bononiensium'', ''s. anno'' 1325.〕 In September the Mantuans took their turn, and at the end of that month, the strategic Bolognese ''rocca'' of Monteveglio was betrayed to Modena by malcontents; two renegade castellans were decapitated.〔Matteo Griffoni, "Conflictus Zapolini", in ''Memoriale historicum de rebus bononiensium'', ''s.v.'' 1325.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Zappolino」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|